Types of Cancer

A

• Acinar Cell Carcinoma – A rare type of cancer that originates in the acinar cells of the pancreas.
• Adenocarcinoma –
• Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas –
• Adrenal Cancer – A rare cancer that forms in the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys.
• Adrenocortical Carcinoma – A rare cancer originating in the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal glands.
• Anal Cancer – A cancer that forms in the tissues of the anus.
• Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer – A rare, aggressive form of thyroid cancer that is difficult to treat.
• Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) – A rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can occur in the lymph nodes and other parts of the body.
• Angiosarcoma – A rare cancer that forms in the lining of blood vessels and lymph vessels.
• Appendix Cancer – A rare cancer that begins in the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine.
• Astrocytoma – A type of brain cancer that originates in star-shaped brain cells called astrocytes.
• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) – A cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects white blood cells.
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) –
• Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor – A rare, fast-growing childhood brain tumor.

B

• Basal Cell Carcinoma – A type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells, which are found in the epidermis.
• B-Cell Lymphoma – A type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates in B-cells, which are a type of white blood cell.
• Bile Duct Cancer – A cancer that forms in the bile ducts, which carry bile from the liver to the small intestine.
• Bladder Cancer – A cancer that begins in the cells of the bladder.
• Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) – A rare and aggressive cancer of the bone marrow and blood.
• Bone Cancer – A cancer that forms in the cells of the bones.
• Brain Cancer – A general term for cancers that begin in the brain tissues.
• Breast Cancer – A cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts.
• Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor – A rare type of lung cancer that begins in the cells of the bronchi.
• Burkitt Lymphoma – A type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is highly aggressive.

C

• Carcinoid Tumors – Slow-growing tumors that can arise in several places throughout the body, most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Carcinoma of Unknown Primary – Cancers where the primary site of origin is unknown.
• Cervical Cancer – A cancer that forms in the tissues of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus.
• Chondrosarcoma – A type of bone cancer that begins in the cells of cartilage.
• Chordoma – A rare type of bone cancer that occurs in the spine or the base of the skull.
• Choriocarcinoma – A fast-growing cancer that occurs in a woman’s uterus (womb).
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) – A cancer of the blood and bone marrow that usually progresses slowly.
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) – A type of cancer that starts in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow and invades the blood.
• Colon Cancer –
• Colorectal Cancer –
• Colorectal Lymphoma –
• Clear Cell Sarcoma – A rare cancer that shares features with both soft tissue sarcomas and melanomas, often found in tendons of the limbs.
• Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma – A type of lymphoma that begins in the skin’s T-cells.
• Cystic Nephroma – A rare benign tumor of the kidney that can occur in both children and adults.

D

• Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma – A subtype of liposarcoma that is more aggressive and less differentiated than typical liposarcoma.
• Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) – A rare type of skin cancer that develops in the deep layers of the skin.
• Dermatofibroma – A common, benign skin tumor that is often mistaken for a malignant tumor like dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).
• Desmoid Tumors – Noncancerous growths that arise from connective tissue.
• Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) – A rare, aggressive brain tumor typically found in children.
• Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) – The most common type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by large cancerous B-cells.
• Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) – A non-invasive breast cancer where abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct.
• Dysgerminoma – A type of germ cell tumor that usually occurs in the ovaries and is the most common type of ovarian germ cell tumor.

E

• Embryonal Tumor – A type of pediatric brain cancer that includes medulloblastoma and other similar tumors.
• Endocrine Cancer – Cancers that affect the endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas.
• Endometrial Cancer – A cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus (endometrium).
• Endometrioid Carcinoma – A type of cancer that arises from the endometrium, the lining of the uterus.
• Ependymoma –
• Epithelial Ovarian Cancer –
• Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma – A rare vascular tumor that can occur in soft tissue, liver, lungs, and other organs.
• Esophageal Cancer – A cancer that forms in the tissues of the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
• Esthesioneuroblastoma – A rare cancer of the nasal cavity.
• Ewing Sarcoma – A type of bone or soft tissue cancer that usually occurs in children and young adults.
• Eye Cancer – A general term for cancers that occur in the tissues of the eye.

F

• Fallopian Tube Cancer – A rare cancer that forms in the fallopian tubes, which connect the ovaries to the uterus.
• Fibrosarcoma – A type of soft tissue sarcoma that develops in the fibrous tissues of the body.
• Fibrous Histiocytoma – A common benign tumor that can occur anywhere in the body but is most often found in the skin.
• Follicular Lymphoma –

G

• Gallbladder Cancer – A cancer that forms in the tissues of the gallbladder.
• Gastric (Stomach) Cancer – A cancer that forms in the lining of the stomach.
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) – A type of tumor that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the stomach or small intestine.
• Germ Cell Tumor – A type of tumor that begins in the cells that give rise to sperm or eggs.
• Gestational Trophoblastic Disease – A group of rare tumors involving abnormal growth of cells inside a woman’s uterus.
• Glioblastoma – A type of aggressive brain cancer that originates in astrocytes, the glial cells in the brain.
• Gliosarcoma – A variant of glioblastoma that contains both glial and mesenchymal tissue components.
• Glucagonoma – A type of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that originates from glucagon-producing cells.
• Granulosa Cell Tumor – A type of ovarian tumor that originates in the granulosa cells.

H

• Hairy Cell Leukemia – A rare type of chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B lymphocytes.
• Head and Neck Cancer – Cancers that originate in the head or neck region, including the throat, mouth, and nose.
• Hepatoblastoma – A rare liver cancer that primarily affects children.
• Hepatosplenic T-cell Lymphoma – A rare type of T-cell lymphoma that involves the liver and spleen.
• Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Liver Cancer) – A primary cancer of the liver cells.
• HER2-Positive Breast Cancer –
• Histiocytic Sarcoma – A rare type of cancer that arises from histiocytes, a type of immune cell.
• Hodgkin Lymphoma – A type of lymphoma characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells.
• HPV-Related Cancers –
• Hurthle Cell Carcinoma – A rare type of thyroid cancer that arises from Hurthle cells.
• Hypopharyngeal Cancer – A type of head and neck cancer that occurs in the hypopharynx.

I

• Inflammatory Breast Cancer –
• Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) – A type of growth in the pancreatic ducts that can be benign or malignant.
• Intraocular Melanoma – A rare cancer that forms in the eye’s melanocytes.
• Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) –
• Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) –
• Islet Cell Tumor – A type of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that originates in the islet cells of the pancreas.

K

• Kaposi Sarcoma – A cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels, often associated with HIV/AIDS.
• Kidney Cancer – A cancer that forms in the tissues of the kidneys.

L

• Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis – A rare disorder involving clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, often debated if it’s a cancer.
• Laryngeal Cancer – A cancer that forms in the tissues of the larynx (voice box).
• Leukemia – A broad term for cancers of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase in white blood cells.
• Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer – Cancers that develop in the tissues of the lips and mouth.
• Liposarcoma – A cancer that arises in fat cells in deep soft tissue, such as that inside the thigh or in the retroperitoneum.
• Liver Cancer – A cancer that begins in the liver tissues.
• Lung Cancer – A cancer that begins in the lungs, with two main types: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer.
• Lymphangiosarcoma –
• Lymphoma – A group of blood cancers that develop in the lymphatic system.
• Lymphomatoid Papulosis – A rare skin disorder that can mimic lymphoma but often behaves in a benign manner.

M

• MALT Lymphoma (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma) – A type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
• Malignant Mesothelioma – A cancer that forms in the thin layer of tissue covering many internal organs, often associated with asbestos exposure.
• Mantle Cell Lymphoma – A rare type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
• Mast Cell Leukemia – A rare and aggressive form of leukemia that affects mast cells.
• Mature Teratoma – A type of germ cell tumor that is typically benign and contains well-differentiated tissues.
• Medullary Thyroid Cancer – A type of thyroid cancer that originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland.
• Medulloblastoma – A type of brain cancer that primarily affects children and arises from the cerebellum.
• Melanoma – A type of skin cancer that originates in the melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment.
• Meningioma –
• Merkel Cell Carcinoma – A rare and aggressive skin cancer.
• Metaplastic Breast Cancer –
• Metastatic Cancer –
• Midline Tract Carcinoma with NUT Gene Changes – A rare and aggressive cancer often found in the midline structures of the body.
• Mucinous Carcinoma – A subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of mucin-producing cancer cells.
• Multiple Myeloma – A cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell.
• Mycosis Fungoides – A type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) –
• Myeloproliferative Neoplasms – A group of diseases where the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

N

• Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer – Cancers that form in the nasal cavity or the paranasal sinuses.
• Nasopharyngeal Cancer – A type of head and neck cancer that originates in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat.
• Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor) – A kidney cancer that primarily affects children.
• Neuroblastoma – A cancer that arises from immature nerve cells and most commonly affects infants and young children.
• Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) – Tumors that arise from cells of the neuroendocrine system.
• Neurofibrosarcoma – A malignant tumor of the peripheral nerves, also known as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST).
• Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) – The most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of cases, with subtypes including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
• Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin Lymphoma – The most common subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by large tumor nodules.

O

• Oligodendroglioma – A type of brain cancer that arises from oligodendrocytes, cells that produce the myelin sheath covering nerve fibers.
• Oropharyngeal Cancer – A type of head and neck cancer that occurs in the oropharynx, which includes the back of the throat, base of the tongue, and tonsils.
• Osteosarcoma – A common type of bone cancer that typically affects the long bones in the body.
• Ovarian Cancer – A cancer that originates in the ovaries, the reproductive glands that produce eggs in women.

P

• Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma –
• Pancreatic Cancer – A cancer that begins in the tissues of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach that aids in digestion and blood sugar regulation.
• Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors –
• Pancreatoblastoma – A rare type of pancreatic cancer that typically occurs in children.
• Papillary Thyroid Cancer –
• Paraganglioma – A type of neuroendocrine tumor that originates in the paraganglia, collections of cells that come from nerve tissue.
• Parathyroid Cancer – A rare cancer that forms in the parathyroid glands, which regulate calcium levels in the body.
• Penile Cancer – A rare cancer that forms in the tissues of the penis.
• Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma –
• Peritoneal Mesothelioma – A rare cancer that occurs in the peritoneum, the thin layer of tissue that lines the abdomen.
• Pheochromocytoma – A rare type of adrenal gland tumor that usually starts in the cells of the adrenal medulla.
• Phyllodes Tumor – A rare type of breast tumor that can be benign or malignant.
• Pituitary Tumors – Tumors that develop in the pituitary gland, which controls various hormonal functions in the body.
• Plasmacytoma – A type of plasma cell tumor that is typically found in bone marrow but can occur in other tissues.
• Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) – A rare, slow-growing type of brain tumor usually found in children and young adults.
• Pleural Mesothelioma – A cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, often associated with asbestos exposure.
• Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma – A type of lymphoma that occurs in the brain or spinal cord.
• Primary Peritoneal Cancer – A rare cancer that starts in the peritoneum, the lining of the abdomen.
• Prostate Cancer – A cancer that occurs in the prostate gland, which is part of the male reproductive system.
• Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP) –

R

• Rectal Cancer – A type of colorectal cancer that specifically affects the rectum, the final section of the large intestine.
• Renal Cell Carcinoma – The most common type of kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the small tubes in the kidney.
• Renal Medullary Carcinoma – A rare and aggressive type of kidney cancer that typically affects young adults with sickle cell trait.
• Retinoblastoma – A rare eye cancer that typically develops in early childhood and affects the retina.
• Rhabdomyosarcoma – A cancer of skeletal muscle tissue that most commonly affects children and adolescents.

S

• Salivary Gland Cancer – A rare type of cancer that begins in the salivary glands, which produce saliva in the mouth.
• Sarcoma – A broad category of cancers that originate in the bones and soft tissues, including muscles, fat, and blood vessels.
• Schwannoma – A type of nerve sheath tumor that arises from Schwann cells, which insulate nerves.
• Serous Carcinoma – A type of cancer that typically affects the ovaries and the lining of the uterus.
• Sertoli Cell Tumor – A rare type of testicular cancer that originates in Sertoli cells, which support sperm development.
• Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor – A rare tumor of the ovaries that may secrete hormones and can be either benign or malignant.
• Skin Cancer –
• Skin Cancer (Non-Melanoma) – Includes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which are common types of skin cancer.
• Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary –
• Small Cell Lung Cancer –
• Small Intestine Cancer – A rare cancer that begins in the small intestine, the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and large intestine.
• Soft Tissue Sarcoma – A group of cancers that begin in the soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons, and fat.
• Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms –
• Spinal Cord Tumors – Tumors that develop in or around the spinal cord, including ependymomas and astrocytomas.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A common type of skin cancer that begins in the squamous cells, which make up the outer layer of the skin.
• Stomach Cancer – Also known as gastric cancer, it begins in the lining of the stomach.
• Stromal Tumor –
• Synovial Sarcoma – A rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that typically occurs near the joints of the arm, neck, or leg.

T

• T-Cell Lymphoma – A type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects T-cells, which are part of the immune system.
• Teratoma – A type of germ cell tumor that can contain several different types of tissue and may be benign or malignant.
• Testicular Cancer – A cancer that originates in the testicles, the male reproductive glands that produce sperm.
• Throat Cancer – A general term for cancers that develop in the throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), or tonsils.
• Thymic Carcinoid Tumors –
• Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma – Cancers that begin in the thymus, a small organ in the upper chest that produces T-cells.
• Thyroid Cancer – A cancer that originates in the thyroid gland, which is located at the base of the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism.
• Thyroid Lymphoma – A rare type of lymphoma that starts in the thyroid gland.
• Tongue Cancer – A type of oral cancer that forms in the tissues of the tongue.
• Tonsil Cancer – A type of cancer that begins in the tonsils, which are located in the back of the throat.
• Transitional Cell Carcinoma – A cancer that typically occurs in the urinary system, including the bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters.
• Triple-Negative Breast Cancer –
• Trophoblastic Tumor – A group of tumors that include choriocarcinoma and hydatidiform mole, which are related to pregnancy.
• Tubulocystic Carcinoma – A rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma.

U

• Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma – A type of soft tissue sarcoma that is highly malignant and aggressive.
• Ureter Cancer – A rare cancer that occurs in the ureters, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
• Uterine Cancer – A cancer that starts in the uterus, the organ in which a fetus develops during pregnancy.
• Uveal Melanoma – A rare cancer that occurs in the uvea, the middle layer of the eye.

V

• Vaginal Cancer – A rare cancer that forms in the tissues of the vagina.
• Vascular Tumors – A group of tumors, including angiosarcoma, that form in the blood vessels.
• Von Hippel-Lindau Disease – A genetic disorder associated with multiple tumors and cysts in different parts of the body, often including renal cell carcinoma.
• Vulvar Cancer – A rare cancer that forms in the tissues of the vulva, the external part of the female genitalia.

W

• Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia – A type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
• Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma) – A kidney cancer that primarily affects children and is typically diagnosed before the age of 5.

Y

• Yolk Sac Tumor – A rare, malignant germ cell tumor that typically occurs in the ovaries or testes.

Z

• Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome – A condition often associated with tumors in the pancreas or duodenum that cause the stomach to produce too much acid, leading to ulcers.
• Zygomatic Bone Cancer – A rare type of bone cancer that affects the zygomatic bone (cheekbone).

Visual Aid:

Cancer Type	Location	Common Symptoms	Treatment Options	Prognosis
Adrenal	Adrenal glands	High blood pressure	Surgery, radiation, chemo	Varies
Astrocytoma	Brain	Headaches, seizures	Surgery, radiation, chemo	Depends on grade
Bladder	Bladder	Blood in urine	Surgery, intravesical, chemo	Good if detected early
Cervical	Cervix	Vaginal bleeding	Surgery, radiation, chemo	Generally good
Desmoid	Connective tissue	Lump, pain	Surgery, radiation, targeted	Can be aggressive
Endometrial	Uterus lining	Abnormal bleeding	Surgery, radiation, chemo	Good if detected early
Fallopian	Fallopian tubes	Abdominal pain	Surgery, chemotherapy	Varies